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Alloy 2304 (UNS S32304) is a 23% chromium, 4% nickel, molybdenum-free duplex stainless steel. This alloy offers corrosion resistance comparable to 316L while providing mechanical properties with yield strength approximately double that of 304L/316L austenitic grades. These enhanced properties enable significant weight savings in properly designed pressure vessel applications.
Chemical Composition
Typical Values (Weight %)
Carbon
Chromium
Nickel
Molybdenum
Nitrogen
Others
0.020
23
4
0.2
0.1
S=0.001
PREN = [Cr%] + 3.3 [Mo%] + 16 [N%] ≥ 24
Mechanical Properties
Tensile Properties (Minimum Values)
°C
Rp 0.2 MPa
Rp 1.0 MPa
UTS MPa
°F
YS 0.2% Offset KSI
YS 0.1% Offset KSI
UTS KSI
Elongation %
20
400
440
600
68
58
64
87
25
100
330
365
570
212
48
53
83
25
200
280
310
530
392
41
45
77
20
300
230
260
490
572
33
38
71
20
Values obtained for hot rolled plates (th ≤ 2"). Alloy 2304 must not be used for extended periods at temperatures exceeding 300°C (572°F) due to precipitation hardening.
Toughness Values (KCV Minimum Values)
Temperature
-50°C / -60°F
+20°C / +70°F
Single
75 J/cm² / 54 ft. lbs
90 J/cm² / 65 ft. lbs
Average (5)
90 J/cm² / 65 ft. lbs
150 J/cm² / 87 ft. lbs
Hardness (Typical Values)
HV10: 180-230 | HB: 180-230 | HRC: ≤ 20
Physical Properties
Density: 7,800 kg/m³ (0.28 lb/in³)
Temperature Interval °C
Thermal Expansion α×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹
Resistivity (μΩ·cm)
Thermal Conductivity (W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)
Specific Heat (J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)
Young Modulus E (GPa)
Shear Modulus G (GPa)
20-100
13
80
17
450
200
75
20-100
13
92
18
500
190
73
20-200
13.5
100
19
530
180
70
20-300
14
105
20
560
170
67
Microstructure
The chemical composition of Alloy 2304 is optimized to achieve a typical 50% austenite / 50% ferrite microstructure following solution annealing at 950°-1050°C (1742°-1922°F). The microstructure demonstrates exceptional stability compared to molybdenum-containing duplex stainless steels, with intermetallic phases appearing only after 10 hours at 750°-850°C (1382°-1562°F). Copper additions, when specified, enhance hardness after heat treatment in the 350°-500°C (662°-932°F) range.
Processing Guidelines
Hot Forming
Perform hot forming within the 1150°-900°C (2100°-1650°F) temperature range. Post-forming solution annealing at 950°-1050°C (1742°-1922°F) is recommended to fully restore corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Proper support during heating is essential to prevent creep deformation.
Cold Forming
Alloy 2304 can be cold formed using standard equipment for 304L and 316L grades. Higher forming stresses are required due to enhanced mechanical properties. Final solution annealing after cold forming restores optimal mechanical and corrosion resistance properties.
Descaling
Utilize standard 304L/316L solutions and pastes for descaling. Extended pickling times are necessary due to the alloy's superior corrosion resistance.
Machinability
Alloy 2304 duplex offers improved machinability, particularly in drilling operations, with performance equivalent to 316LEZ. Enhanced corrosion resistance and cleanliness are achieved without sulfur additions, improving localized corrosion resistance behavior.
Company Details
Bronze Gleitlager
,
Bronze Sleeve Bushings
and
Graphite Plugged Bushings
from Quality China Factory
Business Type:
Manufacturer
Year Established:
2012
Total Annual:
500,000,000-800,000,000
Employee Number:
100~200
Ecer Certification：
Verified Supplier
Company Overview ：
The company has an indoor warehouse of 5000 square meters and an open warehouse of 4000 square meters, which can fully meet the temporary turnover and phased storage of customers' steel pipe reservation.
The subordinate processing plant has 6 sets of medium frequency h... Company Overview ：
The company has an indoor warehouse of 5000 square meters and an open warehouse of 4000 square meters, which can fully meet the temporary turnover and phased storage of customers' steel pipe reservation.
The subordinate processing plant has 6 sets of medium frequency h...
