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Type 321 stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel designed for operation within the damaging temperature range where carbide precipitation develops. The titanium addition (minimum 5 times carbon plus nitrogen content) preferentially combines with carbon to form harmless titanium carbide, maintaining full chromium content for optimal corrosion resistance.
Chemical Composition
Element
Min
Max
C
-
0.08
Mn
-
2.00
Si
-
0.75
P
-
0.045
S
-
0.030
Cr
17.0
19.0
Ni
9.0
12.0
N
-
0.10
Ti
5(C+N)
0.70
Key Features
Immune to intergranular corrosion when heated within carbide precipitation range
Titanium addition prevents chromium carbide formation at grain boundaries
Superior high-temperature properties compared to 304/304L grades
Suitable for intermittent service up to 1500°F (815°C)
Continuous service capability up to 1650°F (900°C)
Excellent weldability for field applications
Type 321H variant offers improved high-temperature creep properties
Typical Applications
Aircraft exhaust manifolds
Expansion joints and bellows
Furnace components and heating element tubing
Heat exchangers
High-temperature mineral processing screens
Burner pipes and flue systems
Technical Background
Grade 321 is an 18/8 austenitic stainless steel (similar to Grade 304) stabilized with titanium additions. This stabilization prevents sensitization to intergranular corrosion after exposure to temperatures between 425-850°C. The alloy combines high strength, scaling resistance, phase stability, and subsequent aqueous corrosion resistance, making it ideal for applications up to approximately 900°C.
While Grade 304L is often preferred for general corrosion resistance applications, 321 offers superior high-temperature strength above 500°C. For welding applications, Grade 347 is recommended as the consumable since titanium doesn't transfer well across high-temperature arcs.
Alternative Grade Comparison
Alternative Grade
Selection Criteria
304L
When requirement is primarily intergranular corrosion resistance without high-temperature strength needs
3CR12
For mild high-temperature environments up to approximately 600°C
304H
For moderate high-temperature applications up to approximately 800°C
310
For extreme high-temperature environments up to approximately 1100°C
S30815 (253MA)
For ultra-high temperature applications up to approximately 1150°C
Company Details
Bronze Gleitlager
,
Bronze Sleeve Bushings
and
Graphite Plugged Bushings
from Quality China Factory
Business Type:
Manufacturer
Year Established:
2012
Total Annual:
500,000,000-800,000,000
Employee Number:
100~200
Ecer Certification:
Verified Supplier
Company Overview :
The company has an indoor warehouse of 5000 square meters and an open warehouse of 4000 square meters, which can fully meet the temporary turnover and phased storage of customers' steel pipe reservation.
The subordinate processing plant has 6 sets of medium frequency h... Company Overview :
The company has an indoor warehouse of 5000 square meters and an open warehouse of 4000 square meters, which can fully meet the temporary turnover and phased storage of customers' steel pipe reservation.
The subordinate processing plant has 6 sets of medium frequency h...