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Scale inhibitor, dispersant, and super-absorbent polymer for water treatment and various industrial applications
Chemical Structure and Properties
Sodium polyacrylate is produced by the neutralization of polyacrylic acid with sodium hydroxide. The polymer backbone consists of repeating units of acrylic acid with carboxylate groups (-COONa) that give the molecule its characteristic anionic charge.
Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid (solution form) or white powder
Solubility
Freely soluble in water
pH (1% solution)
6.0-8.0 (neutralized salt form)
Molecular Weight
Available in a range from ~2,000 to ~120,000 Daltons
PAA vs. PAAS: Understanding the Difference
A common point of confusion is the distinction between Polyacrylic Acid (PAA) and Sodium Polyacrylate (PAAS).
Parameter
PAA (Acid Form)
PAAS (Salt Form)
CAS No.
9003-01-4
9003-04-7
pH (1% solution)
2.0-4.5 (acidic)
6.0-8.0 (neutral to slightly alkaline)
Form
Typically supplied as acidic liquid
Supplied as liquid or powder
Application
Used when acidic conditions are desired or for blending into formulations
Preferred for alkaline systems and easier handling
Mechanism of Action
Lattice Distortion
When added to water systems, PAAS adsorbs onto the surface of microcrystals (such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, and calcium sulfate). This adsorption distorts the normal crystal growth pattern, preventing the formation of hard, adherent scale deposits on heat exchangers and pipelines.
Electrostatic Repulsion / Dispersion
As an anionic polyelectrolyte, PAAS increases the negative charge on particle surfaces. The resulting electrostatic repulsion keeps particles suspended in the water, preventing them from agglomerating and settling. This allows suspended solids and microcrystals to be easily removed through blowdown or filtration.
Performance Advantages
Advantage
Description
Broad-Scale Control
Effectively inhibits calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, and calcium sulfate scales
Alkaline Compatibility
Performs well in high-pH and high-concentration environments without scale formation
Non-Toxic
Innocuous and environmentally safe; does not pollute the environment upon discharge
Synergistic Effects
Works effectively in combination with organic phosphonates, phosphates, and other treatment chemicals
High Calcium Tolerance
Maintains performance even in high-hardness water conditions
Super-Absorbent Property
Can absorb 100-1,000 times its mass in water (in cross-linked form)
Applications
Industrial Water Treatment
PAAS is widely used as a scale inhibitor and dispersant in circulating cooling water systems, including:
Power plants
Steel mills and chemical fertilizer plants
Oil refineries and petrochemical plants
HVAC and air conditioning systems
Super-Absorbent Polymer (SAP)
In its cross-linked or solid form, sodium polyacrylate acts as a "water lock" and is used in:
Baby diapers and adult incontinence products
Feminine sanitary napkins
Medical bandages and wound dressings
Flood control "sandless" sandbags
Agricultural soil water retention
Manufacturing and Industrial Processes
Detergents: Improves soil dispersion and anti-redeposition performance
Textiles and Dyeing: Acts as a dispersant for pigments and fillers
Papermaking: Prevents scale formation and disperses fillers
Ceramics and Coatings: Functions as a dispersant and rheology modifier
Other Applications
Synthetize: Viscosity modifier for gels and ointments
Cosmetics: Thickener and stabilizer for water-based emulsions
Oilfield: Fluid loss additive in drilling fluids
Technical Specifications
Liquid Grade (Typical)
Parameter
Standard Grade
High-Concentration Grade
Solid content
≥30.0%
≥50.0%
Free monomer (as AA)
≤0.5-1.0%
≤1.0%
Density (20 °C)
≥1.15 g/cm³
≥1.20 g/cm³
pH (1% solution)
6.0-8.0
6.0-8.0
Powder Grade (Low Molecular Weight)
Parameter
Value
Molecular Weight
~2,000 Daltons
Appearance
Free-flowing powder
Solubility
Freely soluble in water
Usage Guidelines
Application
Dosage
Scale inhibition (alone)
2-15 mg/L
Dispersant
Determine by experiment based on process requirements
Combination use
Dosage reduced when used with organic phosphonates or other synergists
Handling and Storage
Aspect
Information
Packaging
25 kg, 200 L plastic drums, or 1000 L IBC containers
Storage
Store in cool, shady, dry place; keep container tightly sealed
Shelf Life
10-12 months in original, unopened container
Safety
Avoid contact with eyes and skin; flush with plenty of water upon contact
Company Details
Bronze Gleitlager
,
Bronze Sleeve Bushings
and
Graphite Plugged Bushings
from Quality China Factory
Business Type:
Manufacturer
Year Established:
2010
Total Annual:
3000W-0.2B
Employee Number:
100~500
Ecer Certification:
Verified Supplier
Hunan Hoyoshee Chemical Industrial Co.Ltd was established in 2019, it is a high-tech enterprise that integrates scientific research, development, design, production, sales, and technical consulting services. The company's annual production of 15000 tons of new materials and water treatment agen... Hunan Hoyoshee Chemical Industrial Co.Ltd was established in 2019, it is a high-tech enterprise that integrates scientific research, development, design, production, sales, and technical consulting services. The company's annual production of 15000 tons of new materials and water treatment agen...