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Titanium-bearing stainless steels are stabilized against carbide precipitation and designed for operation within the damaging temperature range where carbide precipitation develops. In this type of steel, carbon combines preferentially with titanium to form harmless titanium carbide, leaving chromium in solution to maintain full corrosion resistance. Type 321 is basic type 304 modified by adding titanium in an amount at least 5 times the carbon plus nitrogen contents.
Chemical Composition
Element
Min (%)
Max (%)
C
-
0.08
Mn
-
2.00
Si
-
0.75
P
-
0.045
S
-
0.030
Cr
17.0
19.0
Ni
9.0
12.0
N
-
0.10
Ti
5(C+N)
0.70
Key Features
Immune to intergranular corrosion when heated within carbide precipitation range
Titanium addition eliminates chromium carbide formation at grain boundaries
Superior high temperature properties compared to 304 or 304L
Suitable for intermittent heating up to 1500°F, continuous service to 1650°F
Excellent weldability in field applications
Type 321H variant offers higher carbon content for improved high temperature creep properties
Applications
Aircraft exhaust manifolds
Expansion joints and bellows
Furnace components
Heating element tubing
Heat exchangers
High temperature mineral processing screens
Spiral welded tubes for burner pipes and flues
Technical Background
Grades 321 and 347 are austenitic 18/8 steels (Grade 304) stabilized by titanium (321) or niobium (347) additions. These grades resist intergranular corrosion after heating within the carbide precipitation range of 425-850°C. Grade 321 is ideal for applications up to 900°C, combining high strength, scaling resistance, phase stability, and subsequent aqueous corrosion resistance.
Grade 321H provides improved high temperature strength with higher carbon content. While 321 offers excellent forming and welding characteristics with outstanding toughness even at cryogenic temperatures, it doesn't polish well for decorative applications. Grade 304L is often preferred for resistance to intergranular corrosion after welding, but 321 maintains superior hot strength above 500°C.
Alternative Grade Comparison
Alternative Grade
Selection Criteria
304L
When requirement is for intergranular corrosion resistance without high temperature strength needs
3CR12
For mild high temperature environments up to approximately 600°C
304H
For mild high temperature environments up to approximately 800°C
310
For operating environments up to 1100°C - exceeding 321 capabilities
S30815 (253MA)
For operating environments up to 1150°C - exceeding 321 capabilities
Company Details
Bronze Gleitlager
,
Bronze Sleeve Bushings
and
Graphite Plugged Bushings
from Quality China Factory
Business Type:
Manufacturer,Distributor/Wholesaler,Exporter
Total Annual:
>1000000
Employee Number:
>100
Ecer Certification:
Verified Supplier
Our company is located in Wuxi City, China, we are a stainless steel plate, seamless steel pipe, round steel, steel belt, decorative pipe and other products distribution wholesale private enterprise. Our company operates stainless steel plate, seamless steel pipe, round steel, steel belt, decorative... Our company is located in Wuxi City, China, we are a stainless steel plate, seamless steel pipe, round steel, steel belt, decorative pipe and other products distribution wholesale private enterprise. Our company operates stainless steel plate, seamless steel pipe, round steel, steel belt, decorative...