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Alloy 2304 (UNS S32304) is a 23% chromium, 4% nickel, molybdenum-free duplex stainless steel. This alloy offers corrosion resistance properties similar to 316L, while providing mechanical properties with yield strength twice that of 304L/316L austenitic grades. These enhanced properties enable weight savings in properly designed pressure vessel applications.
Chemical Analysis
Typical Values (Weight %)
Carbon
Chromium
Nickel
Molybdenum
Nitrogen
Others
0.020
23
4
0.2
0.1
S=0.001
PREN = [Cr%] + 3.3 [Mo%] + 16 [N%] ≥ 24
Mechanical Properties
Tensile Properties (Minimum Values)
°C
Rp 0.2 MPa
Rp 1.0 MPa
UTS MPa
°F
YS 0.2% Offset KSI
YS 0.1% Offset KSI
UTS KSI
Elongation %
20
400
440
600
68
58
64
87
25
100
330
365
570
212
48
53
83
25
200
280
310
530
392
41
45
77
20
300
230
260
490
572
33
38
71
20
Values obtained for hot rolled plates (th ≤ 2"). Alloy 2304 must not be used for extended periods at temperatures above 300°C (572°F) due to precipitation hardening.
Toughness Values (KCV Minimum Values)
Temp.
-50°C
+20°C
-60°F
+70°F
Single
75 J/cm²
90 J/cm²
54 ft. lbs
65 ft. lbs
Average (5)
90 J/cm²
150 J/cm²
65 ft. lbs
87 ft. lbs
Hardness (Typical Values)
Average (5)
HV10
HB
HRC
180-230
180-230
≤ 20
Physical Properties
Density: 7,800 kg/m³ - 0.28 lb/in³
Interval Temp. °C
Thermal expansion α×10⁻⁶K⁻¹
°C
Resistivity (μΩ·cm)
Thermal conductivity (W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)
Specific heat (J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)
Young modulus E (GPa)
Shear modulus G (GPa)
20-100
13
20
80
17
450
200
75
20-100
13
100
92
18
500
190
73
20-200
13.5
200
100
19
530
180
70
20-300
14
300
105
20
560
170
67
Structure
The chemical composition of Alloy 2304 is optimized to achieve a typical 50% austenite / 50% ferrite microstructure following solution annealing treatment at 950°-1050°C (1742°-1922°F). The microstructure demonstrates exceptional stability compared to molybdenum-containing duplex stainless steels. Intermetallic phases appear only after 10 hours of exposure in the 750°-850°C (1382°-1562°F) temperature range. Copper additions, when specified, increase hardness after heat treatment in the 350°-500°C (662°-932°F) range.
Processing
Hot Forming
Hot forming should be performed within the 1150°-900°C (2100°-1650°F) temperature range. Post-forming solution annealing treatment at 950°-1050°C (1742°-1922°F) is recommended to fully restore corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Careful support during heating is essential to prevent creep deformation.
Cold Forming
Alloy 2304 can be cold formed using standard equipment for 304L and 316L grades. Higher stresses are required due to increased yield strength. Final solution annealing after cold forming restores optimal mechanical and corrosion resistance properties.
Descaling
Use standard 304L/316L solutions and pastes. Pickling times are longer than for austenitic grades due to the alloy's superior corrosion resistance.
Machinability
Alloy 2304 duplex demonstrates improved machinability, particularly in drilling operations, with performance equivalent to 316LEZ. Enhanced corrosion resistance and cleanliness are achieved without sulphur additions, improving localized corrosion resistance behavior.
Company Details
Bronze Gleitlager
,
Bronze Sleeve Bushings
and
Graphite Plugged Bushings
from Quality China Factory
Business Type:
Manufacturer,Distributor/Wholesaler,Exporter
Total Annual:
>1000000
Employee Number:
>100
Ecer Certification:
Verified Supplier
Our company is located in Wuxi City, China, we are a stainless steel plate, seamless steel pipe, round steel, steel belt, decorative pipe and other products distribution wholesale private enterprise. Our company operates stainless steel plate, seamless steel pipe, round steel, steel belt, decorative... Our company is located in Wuxi City, China, we are a stainless steel plate, seamless steel pipe, round steel, steel belt, decorative pipe and other products distribution wholesale private enterprise. Our company operates stainless steel plate, seamless steel pipe, round steel, steel belt, decorative...