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Alloy 2304 (UNS S32304) is a 23% chromium, 4% nickel, molybdenum-free duplex stainless steel. This alloy offers corrosion resistance properties comparable to 316L stainless steel, while providing mechanical properties with yield strength approximately twice that of 304L/316L austenitic grades. This enhanced strength enables significant weight savings in properly designed pressure vessel applications.
Chemical Composition
Typical Values (Weight %)
Carbon
Chromium
Nickel
Molybdenum
Nitrogen
Others
0.020
23
4
0.2
0.1
S=0.001
PREN = [Cr%] = 3.3 [Mo%] = 16 [N%] ≥ 24
Mechanical Properties
Tensile Properties (Minimum Values)
°C
Rp 0.2 MPa
Rp 1.0 MPa
UTS MPa
°F
YS 0.2% Offset KSI
YS 0.1% Offset KSI
UTS KSI
Elongation %
20
400
440
600
68
58
64
87
25
100
330
365
570
212
48
53
83
25
200
280
310
530
392
41
45
77
20
300
230
260
490
572
33
38
71
20
Values obtained for hot rolled plates (th ≤ 2"). Alloy 2304 must not be used for extended periods at temperatures exceeding 300°C (572°F) due to precipitation hardening phenomena.
Toughness Values (KCV Minimum Values)
Temperature
-50°C / -60°F
+20°C / +70°F
Single
75 J/cm² / 54 ft. lbs
90 J/cm² / 65 ft. lbs
Average (5)
90 J/cm² / 65 ft. lbs
150 J/cm² / 87 ft. lbs
Hardness (Typical Values)
HV10: 180-230 | HB: 180-230 | HRC: 20
Physical Properties
Density: 7,800 kg/m³ - 0.28 lb/in³
Interval Temp °C
Thermal Expansion ax10⁻⁶K⁻¹
°C
Resistivity (μΩ·cm)
Thermal Conductivity (W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)
Specific Heat (J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)
Young Modulus E (GPa)
Shear Modulus G (GPa)
20-100
13
20
80
17
450
200
75
20-100
13
100
92
18
500
190
73
20-200
13.5
200
100
19
530
180
70
20-300
14
300
105
20
560
170
67
Microstructure
The chemical composition of Alloy 2304 is optimized to achieve a typical 50% austenite / 50% ferrite microstructure following solution annealing treatment at 950°-1050°C (1742°-1922°F). The microstructure of 2304 duplex stainless steel demonstrates superior stability compared to molybdenum-containing duplex grades. Intermetallic phases only appear after extended holding times of 10 hours within the 750°-850°C (1382°-1562°F) temperature range. Copper additions to 2304 grade, when specified, increase material hardness after heat treatment in the 350°-500°C (662°-932°F) temperature range.
Processing Guidelines
Hot Forming
Hot forming operations should be conducted within the 1150°-900°C (2100°-1650°F) temperature range. Following forming, a subsequent solution annealing treatment is recommended at 950°-1050°C (1742°-1922°F) to fully restore both corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Components formed with Alloy 2304 require careful support during heating processes to prevent creep deformation.
Cold Forming
Alloy 2304 can be cold formed without complications using the same equipment employed for 304L and 316L grades. Due to its enhanced mechanical properties and higher yield strength, increased forming stresses are necessary. A final solution annealing heat treatment is recommended after cold forming to restore optimal mechanical and corrosion resistance properties, as detailed in the hot forming section.
Descaling
Utilize the same solutions and pastes as those employed for Alloys 304L/316L. Pickling times will be extended compared to austenitic grades due to the superior corrosion resistance characteristics of this alloy.
Machinability
Alloy 2304 duplex stainless steel exhibits improved machinability properties, particularly in drilling applications. Its performance is equivalent to 316LEZ*, while offering enhanced corrosion resistance and cleanliness without requiring sulphur additions. This results in superior localized corrosion resistance behavior.
Company Details
Bronze Gleitlager
,
Bronze Sleeve Bushings
and
Graphite Plugged Bushings
from Quality China Factory
Business Type:
Manufacturer,Distributor/Wholesaler,Exporter
Total Annual:
>1000000
Employee Number:
>100
Ecer Certification：
Verified Supplier
Our company is located in Wuxi City, China, we are a stainless steel plate, seamless steel pipe, round steel, steel belt, decorative pipe and other products distribution wholesale private enterprise. Our company operates stainless steel plate, seamless steel pipe, round steel, steel belt, decorative... Our company is located in Wuxi City, China, we are a stainless steel plate, seamless steel pipe, round steel, steel belt, decorative pipe and other products distribution wholesale private enterprise. Our company operates stainless steel plate, seamless steel pipe, round steel, steel belt, decorative...
