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321 stainless steel pipe (UNS S32100) is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel pipe derived from 304 stainless steel, with titanium added to suppress intergranular corrosion caused by chromium carbide precipitation. It excels in high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and mechanical stability, making it a preferred choice for harsh-environment applications such as industrial high-temperature pipelines and chemical processing equipment. Below is a detailed breakdown: 1. Core Product Overview & Standards Key Grades 321 (UNS S32100): Standard grade with a maximum carbon content of 0.08%, optimized for general high-temperature and corrosion-resistant scenarios. 321H (UNS S32109): High-carbon variant (carbon content 0.04-0.10%) designed for enhanced creep resistance and strength at temperatures above 537°C (1000°F). Dual certification is common for both grades due to their similar chemical compositions. International Standards Complies with multiple global standards, ensuring broad applicability across industries: ASTM/ASME: A312/SA312 (seamless/welded stainless steel pipes), B36.10M/B36.19M (dimensional specifications) DIN: 1.4541 (equivalent material number) JIS/SUS, GB, AISI (regional mainstream standards) 2. Key Technical Parameters Chemical Composition (Weight %) The addition of titanium (Ti ≥ 5×(C+N)) is the core modification, preventing intergranular corrosion by forming titanium carbides instead of chromium carbides:
Element
C
Si
Mn
Cr
Ni
S
P
Ti
Fe
321
≤0.08
≤0.75
≤2.0
17.0-19.0
9.0-12.0
≤0.03
≤0.045
5×(C+N)-0.70
Balance
321H
0.04-0.10
≤0.75
≤2.0
17.0-19.0
9.0-12.0
≤0.03
≤0.045
5×(C+N)-0.70
Balance
Mechanical Properties (Annealed State)
Grade
Tensile Strength (MPa, min)
Yield Strength (σ0.2, MPa, min)
Elongation (δ5, %, min)
Hardness (max)
321
520
205
40
187 HB / 90 HRB / 200 HV
321H
520
205
40
217 HB
Physical Properties Density: 7.93 g/cm³ (0.286 lbm/in³) Operating Temperature Range: -270°C (cryogenic) to 816°C (oxidation-resistant up to 1500°F) Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 9.2×10/°C (68-212°F) Modulus of Elasticity: 200 GPa (28×10 psi) at 20°C Dimensional Specifications
Type
Outer Diameter (OD)
Wall Thickness
Length
End Types
Seamless Pipe
6 mm - 914.4 mm
2.5 mm - 30 mm
6-12 m (customizable)
Plain end, beveled end, threaded
Welded Pipe (ERW/SAW)
9.5 mm - 1200 mm
0.3 mm - 40 mm
6-12 m (customizable)
Plain end, butt weld end
Shapes
Round, square, rectangular, hexagonal, U-shaped
-
-
-
Schedules
Sch 5, Sch 10, Sch 40, Sch 80, Sch 160, XXS, etc.
-
-
-
3. Core Performance Advantages Superior High-Temperature Stability: Resists oxidation at 816°C and offers better creep (high-temperature deformation resistance) and stress rupture properties than 304/304L. Intergranular Corrosion Resistance: Titanium stabilization prevents chromium depletion in the 427-816°C range, avoiding intergranular corrosion even after welding or heat treatment. Broad Corrosion Resistance: Comparable to 304 in general corrosion resistance; suitable for dilute organic acids, pure phosphoric acid (low temperature), and 10% dilute acid solutions (high temperature). Resists polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking in hydrocarbon environments. Excellent Toughness: Maintains good low-temperature toughness (down to cryogenic levels) and formability, enabling bending, welding, and punching without cracking. 4. Typical Applications Widely used in industries requiring high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and structural stability: Aerospace: Aircraft piston engine manifolds, exhaust stacks. Petrochemical & Refining: Heat exchangers, furnace parts, refinery pipelines, expansion joints, and hydrocarbon processing equipment. Chemical Industry: High-temperature chemical process equipment, pipelines for dilute acids (excluding chlorides/sulfuric acid). Energy & Power: Thermal oxidizers, boiler tubes, and high-temperature flue gas pipelines. Food & Pharmaceutical: Food processing equipment, brewery pipelines, and pharmaceutical machinery (hygienic and corrosion-resistant). Mechanical Engineering: Auto parts, structural components, and furniture/kitchenware (durable and decorative). 5. Limitations & Selection Notes Chloride Sensitivity: Not suitable for chloride-rich environments (e.g., seawater, salt sprays) or sulfuric acid solutions, as it may suffer pitting corrosion. Machinability: Titanium addition reduces machinability compared to 304; use specialized tools and cutting parameters for processing. Grade Selection: Choose 321 for temperatures ≤537°C; opt for 321H for long-term service above 537°C (enhanced creep resistance). Certifications: Prioritize products with ISO, SGS, or BV certifications to ensure compliance with ASTM/ASME standards. 6. Manufacturing & Quality Control Processes: Hot rolling, cold rolling (seamless), electric resistance welding (ERW), submerged arc welding (SAW) for welded pipes. Surface Treatments: Black oxide, pickling, polished (No.4/BA), satin, mirror finish, electropolishing. Mandatory Inspections: Hydrostatic pressure testing (leakage), non-destructive testing (ultrasonic/ radiographic testing), chemical composition analysis, and mechanical property testing.
Detailed Photos
Surface
Packaging & Shipping
Company Profile
Our company offers variety of products which can meet your multifarious demands. We adhere to the management principles of "quality first, customer first and credit-based", since the establishment of the company and always to do our best to satisfy potential needs of our customers. Our company is sincerely to willing to cooperate with enterprises from all over the world in order to realize a win-win situation since the trend of economic globalization has developed with irresistible force.
Quality Control
Certifications
FAQ
Q1: Why choose us? A: Our company, as an internationally experienced and professional supplier, has been engaged in steel business for more than ten years. We can provide a variety of steel products with high quality to our clients.
Q2: Can you provide OEM/ODM service? A: Yes. Please feel free to contact us for more details.
Q3:What is your terms of payment? A: 100% T/T advance. 30% T/T and balance against copy of documents. 30% T/T advance, balance L/C at sight.
Q4: Can we visit your factory? A: Warmly welcome. Once we have your schedule, we will arrange the professional sales team to follow up your case.
Q5: Can you provide sample? A: Yes. Sample is free for regular sizes, but the buyer needs to pay freight cost.
Q6: How long is your delivery time? A: Regular lead time is 15 to 30 days after receiving deposit.
Jiangsu Xinyuanxing Metal Products Co.,Ltd. is located in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, on the coast of the beautiful Taihu Lake. It is located in China's stainless steel distribution center, with convenient transportation and complete processing facilities.
Pucheng is a pro...
Jiangsu Xinyuanxing Metal Products Co.,Ltd. is located in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, on the coast of the beautiful Taihu Lake. It is located in China's stainless steel distribution center, with convenient transportation and complete processing facilities.
Pucheng is a pro...
